Ficus benghalensis
Indian Subcontinent
Ficus benghalensis was formally described by Linnaeus in 1753. The species name 'benghalensis' refers to Bengal, where it is abundant and deeply embedded in Hindu and Buddhist spiritual traditions. It is a strangler fig in nature, often establishing on other trees before developing into an independent plant with multiple trunks.
Prefers bright, indirect light and consistent moisture without waterlogging; allow top 1–2 cm of soil to dry between waterings. Feed monthly during active growth and prune to control size and shape. Root rot is the primary risk, so ensure excellent drainage and avoid standing water.
Well-draining aroid/fig mix: 50% high-quality potting soil, 30% orchid bark, 20% perlite. Repot every 2–3 years in spring when roots circle the pot or begin to emerge from drainage holes. Banyan figs are vigorous and can become root-bound quickly; keep slightly loose rather than snug. Top-dress mature specimens annually if repotting becomes impractical.
Monthly during growing season (spring–summer)
- Root rot from overwatering; leaf drop under cold, drafty conditions or sudden light changes; spider mites and mealybugs in low humidity; brown leaf tips from fluoride or mineral buildup in tap water.
- The Banyan Tree is the national tree of India and can live for centuries; the famous Sri Maha Bodhi specimen in Sri Lanka is over 2,300 years old and still growing.
- In its native range, Ficus benghalensis produces aerial roots that descend from branches and develop into prop roots, eventually forming a dense canopy that can cover several hectares.
- The fig fruit is edible and has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years.